Bronchus adenoma is a rare tumor that starts in the airways of the lungs. People with bronchus adenoma may have cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, or cough up small amounts of blood. It often grows slowly over years, and many living with bronchus adenoma feel well for a long time. Most cases are found in adults, but it can occur at any age. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumor, and survival is generally good when it is fully removed.
Overview
Bronchus adenomaSymptoms
Bronchus adenoma symptoms vary, and many have none at first. Early symptoms of bronchus adenoma may be a nagging cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or coughing up blood, often from airway blockage or repeated lung infections.
Outlook and prognosis
Most people with bronchus adenoma do well, especially when the tumor is found early and fully removed. These tumors usually grow slowly, and long-term control is common. Regular follow-up imaging and airway checks help catch rare recurrences or new changes.
Causes and risk factors
Bronchus adenoma usually arises sporadically from neuroendocrine cells, with no clear cause. Risk increases with certain inherited syndromes, especially MEN1, and with older age. Smoking and common environmental exposures show weak or no consistent links.
Genetic influences
Genetics play a modest role in bronchus adenoma. Most cases are sporadic, but tumor genetic variations can guide diagnosis and targeted treatment. Inherited risk is uncommon; family history rarely changes screening, though personal cancer history may prompt closer follow-up.
Diagnosis
Doctors suspect bronchus adenoma based on persistent cough, wheeze, or recurrent pneumonia and abnormal chest imaging. Confirmation relies on bronchoscopy to view the airway and take a tissue biopsy. Pathology shows the tumor type and guides treatment.
Treatment and drugs
Treatment for bronchus adenoma focuses on removing the tumor while preserving healthy lung. Many people do well with bronchoscopic resection or limited surgery; your team may also use airway stents, laser, or cautery to keep breathing comfortable. Follow‑up scans check for regrowth.
Symptoms
Symptoms often relate to air not moving freely through part of the lung, so they can look a lot like asthma or a chest infection. You might notice small changes at first. Early symptoms of Bronchus adenoma can include a lingering cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath that doesn’t match your usual pattern. Less commonly, coughing up small amounts of blood or repeated lung infections can occur.
A cough that lingers for weeks is common. It may be dry or bring up mucus and often doesn’t fully improve with usual inhalers or antibiotics. In Bronchus adenoma, the cough can come and go but tends to persist.
A whistling sound when you breathe, especially on one side of the chest, can show up. It may be mistaken for asthma, but it often doesn’t respond the way your typical wheeze does.
Feeling winded with stairs or a brisk walk can be an early sign. Everyday tasks may take more effort than usual. Breathing may feel tight or shallow during colds or in smoky air.
Small streaks of blood in the mucus can happen when a tumor irritates the airway. Clinicians call this hemoptysis, which means coughing up blood. Even small amounts should be checked promptly.
How people usually first notice Bronchus adenoma?
People usually first notice bronchus adenoma when a stubborn “chest cold” doesn’t fully clear: a lingering cough, occasional wheeze, or repeated chest infections that seem one-sided. Some have coughing up small amounts of blood, shortness of breath with activity, or recurrent pneumonia in the same area, which prompts chest X-rays or a CT scan. Doctors often first suspect it after imaging shows a blockage in a segment of the airway, and confirm it with bronchoscopy and biopsy—this pattern is the common first signs of bronchus adenoma and how bronchus adenoma is first noticed.
Types of Bronchus adenoma
Bronchus adenoma is an older umbrella term that doctors used for several tumor types that start in the airways. Today, clinicians often separate these into neuroendocrine tumors (typical and atypical carcinoids) and salivary-gland–type tumors of the lung. This helps explain why symptoms and behavior can differ, and why discussions about types of bronchus adenoma can feel confusing. Symptoms don’t always look the same for everyone.
Typical carcinoid
This slow-growing neuroendocrine tumor often causes a nagging cough, wheeze, or repeated chest infections when it blocks an airway. Coughing up blood can happen, especially if a small tumor sits near a larger bronchus.
Atypical carcinoid
This related tumor grows faster and is more likely to spread to lymph nodes. People may notice similar airway symptoms as typical carcinoid, but weight loss or chest pain can be more prominent.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
This salivary‑type airway tumor can appear in younger adults and often sits in a main bronchus. It may cause recurrent pneumonia in the same lung area and coughing up mucus or blood.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
This usually slow but locally invasive tumor tends to grow along the airway wall. Breathing can feel noisy or tight, and symptoms may progress over years due to gradual narrowing.
Oncocytic (oxyphilic) tumor
This rare salivary‑type variant often behaves indolently. Many have mild or no symptoms until the tumor obstructs airflow, leading to wheeze or infections.
Clinical stage differences
Early, small tumors may cause few symptoms, while larger or more central tumors often trigger cough, wheeze, or infections. If lymph nodes or distant sites are involved, fatigue, weight loss, or bone discomfort can enter the picture.
Hormone-related features
Some carcinoid tumors release hormones that can cause flushing or diarrhea, though this is uncommon in bronchial carcinoids. When present, episodes may be triggered by stress, alcohol, or certain foods.
Imaging and biopsy patterns
Different variants of bronchus adenoma can look similar on scans but differ under the microscope. Pathology confirms the type, which guides treatment choices and follow-up.
Treatment implications
Types of bronchus adenoma differ in growth rate and spread risk, shaping treatment from surgery alone to added therapies. Knowing the exact variant helps predict chances of recurrence and what symptoms to watch for.
What genetics can tell you about symptoms
Certain bronchial adenomas with MEN1 gene changes can cause multiple airway tumors and hormone-related issues like facial flushing or diarrhea. Others with EGFR or KRAS variants may grow faster or obstruct airways, leading to cough, wheeze, recurrent infections, or coughing blood.
Causes and risk factors
Bronchus adenoma usually begins when cells lining the airways develop new gene changes and start to grow in an abnormal way. Most cases are not inherited, but a rare inherited condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 can raise the chance of certain bronchial carcinoid types. Smoking, air pollution, and workplace irritants may affect overall lung health, but they have not been clearly linked as causes of bronchus adenoma. Researchers are still learning how these pieces fit together. Overall, risk factors for bronchus adenoma are not well defined, so your personal and family history help guide risk discussions.
Environmental and biological risk factors
Bronchus adenoma is an older umbrella term for certain slow-growing airway tumors. People sometimes ask about early symptoms of bronchus adenoma, but here we focus on the environmental and biological factors that may raise the chance it develops. Researchers are still exploring how outside influences interact with our inner biology. Below are the key patterns scientists and clinicians consider today.
This tumor is most often found in adults, commonly in midlife. Bronchus adenoma can occur at any age, but it is uncommon in children. Age reflects longer time for cells to change, not a direct cause.
In many reports, women are affected slightly more often than men, particularly with the slow-growing type. The reason for this difference isn’t clear. This pattern does not change evaluation or treatment decisions.
A rare overgrowth of hormone-sensing cells lining the small airways can increase the chance these tumors form. This biologic pattern is seen more often in middle-aged women. Doctors may monitor people with this finding more closely.
Studies have not found a consistent link between common air pollutants, radon, or typical workplace exposures and bronchus adenoma. Large population data are limited, and results have been mixed. Ongoing research aims to clarify any small effects.
Genetic risk factors
Genetic influences vary by subtype in the airways, such as carcinoid, adenoid cystic, or mucoepidermoid tumors. Some risk factors are inherited through our genes, while many changes arise only in the tumor itself. Understanding these patterns can guide diagnosis and help frame conversations about family risk if early symptoms of bronchus adenoma bring you to care. Most people do not inherit a high risk, but a few families do carry well-defined syndromes.
MEN1 syndrome: An inherited condition known medically as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) raises the chance of bronchial carcinoid tumors, a subtype sometimes grouped under bronchus adenoma. People with a MEN1 gene change may develop more than one endocrine or neuroendocrine tumor. Genetic counseling and testing can clarify personal and family risks.
Family history clues: A family pattern of pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic endocrine tumors can point to MEN1 and a higher chance of lung carcinoids. Sharing this history helps your care team decide whether MEN1 testing makes sense. This pattern is uncommon but important to recognize.
MAML2 fusion: Many mucoepidermoid tumors in the airway carry a join between the MAML2 gene and CRTC1 or CRTC3. This change happens only in tumor cells and is not inherited. Finding it can support the diagnosis and classification of the tumor.
MYB-NFIB fusion: Adenoid cystic tumors often show a join between the MYB and NFIB genes. This is an acquired, tumor-only change rather than a family risk. It can help pathologists confirm the tumor type and may relate to how it grows.
Tumor MEN1 changes: Even without inherited MEN1, some lung carcinoids show MEN1 changes only within the tumor, not in the rest of the body. These somatic (acquired) changes do not raise risk for relatives. They can still inform how bronchus adenoma is diagnosed and managed.
Other tumor mutations: Carcinoid and salivary gland–type airway tumors can carry additional acquired changes in genes that regulate cell growth. These are found only in tumor tissue and are not passed down in families. Their main role is in diagnosis and research, not in predicting inherited risk.
Lifestyle risk factors
Lifestyle choices do not cause Bronchus adenoma, but they can influence symptoms, recovery from procedures, and the risk of complications such as infections. Understanding how lifestyle affects Bronchus adenoma helps focus on habits that support breathing and stability. The elements below connect daily choices to tangible effects on airway obstruction, hormone-related symptoms, and overall lung health.
Smoking can worsen airway inflammation and mucus around a narrowed bronchus, intensifying cough and wheeze. Quitting reduces infection risk behind the obstruction and improves surgical and anesthesia outcomes.
Moderate aerobic activity and breathing exercises can improve ventilatory efficiency and exercise tolerance despite partial airway blockage. Pulmonary rehabilitation can reduce dyspnea and speed recovery after bronchoscopy or surgery.
In patients with carcinoid syndrome, serotonin- and tyramine-rich foods can intensify flushing, diarrhea, or bronchospasm. Avoiding trigger foods helps stabilize symptoms and reduces dehydration risk.
Alcohol may trigger flushing and bronchospasm in hormone-secreting tumors. Limiting intake can reduce symptom flares and avoid interactions with somatostatin analogs.
Risk prevention
Bronchus adenoma isn’t fully preventable, and for many types, a clear cause hasn’t been identified. Prevention is about lowering risk, not eliminating it completely. Focus on protecting lung health and acting early if symptoms appear. Quick evaluation of persistent airway symptoms can help catch problems sooner and reduce complications.
Many bronchus adenomas are not caused by tobacco, but smoke irritates the airways and can hide early warning signs. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke to protect lung health.
Radon raises overall lung cancer risk; a direct link to bronchus adenoma hasn’t been proven. Testing and fixing high radon levels can lower general lung risk.
Use proper masks or respirators and ventilation if you work around dust, fumes, or chemicals. Even if not tied directly to bronchus adenoma, reducing inhaled irritants protects the airways.
Know the early symptoms of bronchus adenoma, like a persistent cough, wheeze on one side, repeat chest infections in the same area, or coughing up blood. See a clinician if symptoms last more than a few weeks.
Transmission
Bronchus adenoma is not contagious, so it cannot be passed from person to person through coughing, touch, kissing, or shared items. If you’re wondering “Is Bronchus adenoma contagious,” it isn’t—these tumors start from cells in the airway and develop over time rather than being “caught.”
Most cases are not inherited and happen by chance; rarely, an inherited condition in a family can raise the risk of certain airway tumors. When doctors talk about a bronchus adenoma “spreading,” they mean growth or spread within the body, not transmission to others.
When to test your genes
Consider genetic testing if you have repeated airway tumors, a strong family history of lung or salivary gland tumors, or diagnosis at a young age. Testing can guide surveillance plans, surgical decisions, and eligibility for targeted therapies. Discuss timing with your care team, especially before major treatment choices or if relatives are affected.
Diagnosis
Symptoms like a stubborn cough, wheezing, or coughing up small amounts of blood often prompt an evaluation. Many people feel relief just knowing what’s really going on. The diagnosis of bronchus adenoma usually involves imaging to locate the airway tumor and a biopsy to confirm the exact type. Understanding how bronchus adenoma is diagnosed can help you know what to expect.
Doctors usually begin with your symptoms, smoking and exposure history, and a careful chest exam. This helps decide which tests are needed first.
A simple X-ray may show signs of airway blockage, a round mass, or part of the lung not inflating well. Normal X-rays do not rule out bronchus adenoma.
A contrast chest CT creates detailed pictures of the airways and nearby lymph nodes. It helps locate the tumor and plan the safest way to sample it.
A thin camera is passed through the nose or mouth to look directly at the airways. The doctor can see the growth, assess if it narrows the airway, and take small tissue samples.
Stages of Bronchus adenoma
Bronchus adenoma does not have defined progression stages. This older term covers several different airway tumors that behave differently, so doctors stage and plan care based on the exact subtype, its size, and whether it has spread. Different tests may be suggested to help confirm the diagnosis, such as a chest CT scan, bronchoscopy with biopsy, and, in some cases, PET imaging and lung function tests. If you’re watching for early symptoms of bronchus adenoma, keep in mind that a persistent cough, repeated pneumonias in the same area, wheezing, coughing up blood, or unexplained shortness of breath can prompt evaluation and monitoring over time.
Outlook and prognosis
Looking at the long-term picture can be helpful. For many people with bronchus adenoma (often called a bronchial carcinoid tumor), the outlook is generally favorable, especially when the tumor is found early and removed completely. These tumors tend to grow slowly, and surgery is often curative. Early care can make a real difference, because treating a small, localized tumor reduces the chance of spread and lowers the risk of future breathing issues like repeated infections or wheezing.
Doctors call this the prognosis—a medical word for likely outcomes. Typical survival after complete removal is excellent, and many people return to normal routines with little or no lasting impact on lung function. Mortality is low for typical bronchial carcinoids; it’s higher for atypical carcinoids, which grow faster and are more likely to spread to lymph nodes. In medical terms, the long-term outlook is often shaped by both genetics and lifestyle.
Everyone’s journey looks a little different. Early symptoms of bronchus adenoma, such as stubborn cough, coughing up small amounts of blood, or repeated pneumonias in the same area of the lung, may prompt imaging and lead to earlier treatment, which improves the chances of cure. After surgery, your care team will usually set up periodic scans and check-ins, because a small number of tumors can come back or appear in lymph nodes over time. Talk with your doctor about what your personal outlook might look like, including how often to follow up and what signs to watch for.
Long-term effects
After treatment for bronchus adenoma, most people want to know what life may feel like months and years down the road. Long-term effects vary widely, and they depend on tumor type, where it sat in the airway, and the kind of treatment used. People often recall early symptoms of bronchus adenoma like a stubborn cough or wheeze, but the long-term picture may look different once the tumor is removed. Many with slower-growing, localized tumors do well over time, while others need closer follow-up if their tumor was more aggressive.
Scar tissue where the tumor sat can narrow the airway. This may lead to breathlessness with exertion or wheeze. Some notice a feeling of incomplete airflow on one side.
Removing a segment or lobe can lower overall breathing capacity. Daily activities may feel harder at first, then improve as the body adapts. High-demand exercise may remain somewhat limited.
Areas beyond a narrowed airway can trap mucus. This raises the risk of bronchitis or pneumonia in the same part of the lung. Fevers and chest congestion may flare from time to time.
Fragile airway blood vessels can cause small amounts of coughing up blood. This can occur with colds or vigorous coughing. Large bleeds are uncommon after successful treatment.
How is it to live with Bronchus adenoma?
Living with bronchus adenoma often means navigating uncertainty more than symptoms. Many people feel well for long stretches, with only a lingering cough, mild shortness of breath, or wheezing during exertion, while routine scans or bronchoscopies become a steady part of life to watch for changes or airway blockage. Day to day, pacing activities, keeping up with follow-ups, and having a plan for flares—like sudden cough, infections, or rare bleeding—help maintain control. For family and friends, offering rides to appointments, noticing breathing changes early, and sharing calm, practical support can make the experience feel less isolating and more manageable.
Treatment and drugs
Treatment for bronchus adenoma focuses on removing the tumor while preserving as much healthy lung and airway as possible. For many people, surgery is the main treatment; options range from shaving or coring the tumor out through a bronchoscope to removing a small part of the airway or, less often, a segment of lung if the growth is larger or causing repeated infections. If surgery isn’t possible or the tumor has features that make it harder to remove, doctors may use bronchoscopic laser or electrocautery to open the airway, and in select cases, radiation therapy; medicines are used mainly to ease symptoms like wheeze or cough rather than to shrink the tumor. Treatment plans often combine several approaches, and your care team will tailor choices based on the tumor’s type (for example, typical vs. atypical carcinoid), size, location, and your overall health. Keep track of how you feel, and share this with your care team, especially if breathing symptoms change after treatment.
Non-drug treatment
When bronchus adenoma narrows an airway, day-to-day life can feel breathless—climbing stairs, laughing, or even talking may trigger cough or wheeze. Some early symptoms of bronchus adenoma can be subtle, like a stubborn cough or repeat chest infections, so therapies often focus on opening the airway and protecting lung function. Non-drug treatments often lay the foundation for breathing relief and long-term recovery. Depending on tumor size, location, and your overall health, options range from procedures that clear the blockage to programs that rebuild strength after treatment.
Taking out the tumor often provides the best chance for cure when it’s safe to do so. Surgeons aim to preserve as much healthy lung as possible while restoring airflow.
For small tumors inside the airway, doctors may use a scope to shave or gently burn away the blockage. Techniques like laser, electrocautery, or cryotherapy can improve breathing quickly.
A tiny tube can be placed to hold the airway open if it keeps collapsing or re-narrowing. This can ease cough and wheeze and help prevent infections.
If surgery isn’t possible, focused radiation such as stereotactic body radiation therapy may shrink or control the tumor. It can relieve symptoms and protect nearby lung tissue.
Your genes may have an impact on how drugs work for you
Some people process bronchoscopy-related anesthetics and airway medications differently because key liver enzymes and drug targets vary by gene. Genetic testing isn’t routine for bronchus adenoma care, but knowing family patterns or past drug reactions can guide safer dosing and choices.
Pharmacological treatments
For people with Bronchus adenoma, medicines are often used when surgery isn’t possible, symptoms need control, or the tumor is growing. Not everyone responds to the same medication in the same way. Treatments range from hormone-blocking injections to targeted drugs, and sometimes chemotherapy for faster-growing tumors. Your care team will tailor choices to your goals, side effect profile, and how active the tumor appears on scans.
Octreotide or lanreotide can reduce flushing, diarrhea, and wheeze by blocking hormone release. They may also slow tumor growth in some people with Bronchus adenoma.
Rapid-acting octreotide injections may be used before procedures to lower the risk of carcinoid crisis. They can also quickly calm hormone-driven symptoms when they flare.
Everolimus can slow growth of advanced bronchial neuroendocrine tumors related to Bronchus adenoma. Your team will monitor for side effects like mouth sores, infections, or high blood sugar.
This targeted radiotherapy delivers radiation to somatostatin receptor–positive tumors. It may shrink or stabilize Bronchus adenoma when other medicines stop working.
Genetic influences
Most cases of bronchus adenoma happen by chance and are not inherited. Family history is one of the strongest clues to a genetic influence. A small number are linked to rare inherited syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), which can raise the risk of lung carcinoid–type tumors. More often, doctors find gene changes only inside the tumor—changes that help the growth of the mass but aren’t present in the rest of the body. Because of this, genetic testing for bronchus adenoma usually looks at the tumor tissue to confirm the subtype and sometimes guide treatment, while inherited (germline) testing is considered when there’s a strong family pattern or features that suggest MEN1. Even when a hereditary cause exists, increased risk does not guarantee a tumor will develop, and regular follow-up can help catch changes early.
Is Bronchus adenoma genetic?
Genetics play a modest role in bronchus adenoma. Most cases are sporadic, but tumor genetic variations can guide diagnosis and targeted treatment. Inherited risk is uncommon; family history rarely changes screening, though personal cancer history may prompt closer follow-up.
Pharmacogenetics—how genetics influence drug effects
For people with Bronchus adenoma, treatment decisions increasingly consider both the tumor’s genetics and your own. When drug therapy is needed, such as hormone-blocking injections (somatostatin analogs), targeted tablets like everolimus, or pain control after surgery, subtle genetic differences can guide which drug and dose are likely to fit you best. Genes can influence how quickly you process medicines like everolimus or certain pain relievers, which can affect how well they work and whether side effects show up. On the tumor side, specific gene changes and the presence of somatostatin receptors can help doctors judge whether targeted drugs or somatostatin-based radiation are likely to help in Bronchus adenoma. Your genes are just one part of the picture; age, liver and kidney function, and other medicines can strongly sway drug levels, so teams often start with a standard dose and adjust based on how you feel and your lab results. If available, pharmacogenetic testing in Bronchus adenoma may be used alongside your medical history to personalize dosing for drugs like everolimus or to choose safer pain and anti-nausea options.
Interactions with other conditions
When Bronchus adenoma narrows an airway, existing breathing issues like asthma or COPD can flare, making cough, wheeze, or shortness of breath feel more stubborn than usual. Doctors call it a “comorbidity” when two conditions occur together. Blockage from Bronchus adenoma can also trap mucus and raise the risk of repeated chest infections or pneumonia, and over time this may contribute to bronchiectasis in some people. For those living with cystic fibrosis or frequent bronchitis, early symptoms of Bronchus adenoma can look like more of the same, which sometimes delays diagnosis. Some bronchus adenomas behave like hormone‑producing tumors (carcinoids); in rare cases they can trigger flushing, diarrhea, or wheezing, and these effects may complicate care if diabetes, liver disease, or heart valve problems are also present. A small number are linked to inherited conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), where other endocrine tumors may occur alongside the lung tumor. Interactions can look very different from person to person, so coordinated care among lung specialists, endocrinologists, and your primary doctor can help tailor treatment and reduce overlapping symptoms.
How genes can cause diseases
Humans have more than 20,000 genes, each carrying out one or a few specific functions in the body. One gene instructs the body to digest lactose from milk, another tells the body how to build strong bones and another prevents the body's cells from beginning to multiply uncontrollably and developing into cancer. As all of these genes combined are the building instructions for our body, a defect in one of these genes can have severe health consequences.
Through decades of genetic research, we know the genetic code of any healthy/functional human gene. We have also identified that in certain positions on a gene, some individuals may have a different genetic letter from the one you have. We call these hotspots "Genetic Variations" or "Variants" in short. In many cases, studies have been able to show that having the genetic letter "G" in the position makes you healthy, but having the letter "A" in the same position disrupts the gene function and causes a disease. Genopedia allows you to view these variants in genes and summarizes all that we know from scientific research, which genetic letters (Genotype) have good or bad consequences on your health or on your traits.
History
Throughout history, people have described stubborn coughs and bouts of coughing up blood that seemed to come from one small spot in the airway rather than the whole lung. In a clinic note from decades past, this might read like, “young adult with repeated ‘pneumonia’ in the same lobe,” a clue that something localized was blocking a bronchus. Looking back helps explain why many lived for years with recurring chest infections before anyone suspected a slow‑growing tumor.
First described in the medical literature as “bronchus adenoma,” the condition originally served as a catch‑all label for several slow-growing airway tumors. Doctors grouped different tumor types together because they shared a similar look under the microscope and a tendency to cause repeated infections, wheeze, and bleeding from a single lung segment. Over time, descriptions became more precise as pathologists noticed important differences among these tumors.
As medical science evolved, the broad term “bronchus adenoma” was refined and, in many places, retired. What once sat under one umbrella was separated into clearer categories, including certain carcinoid tumors and other rare gland‑forming growths that can arise in the bronchial tubes. This shift mattered for care: some of these tumors behave in a very indolent way, while others need closer follow‑up or different surgery. Not every early description was complete, yet together they built the foundation of today’s knowledge.
In recent decades, awareness has grown that people with repeated “localized pneumonia,” unexplained wheeze on one side, or small amounts of blood in the sputum may have a focal airway lesion. With better bronchoscopy, CT scans, and specialized staining in the lab, clinicians learned to tell these tumor types apart and plan treatment that removes the blockage while preserving as much healthy lung as possible. Surgeons also refined techniques to spare lung tissue when the tumor sat squarely within a bronchus.
Advances in genetics helped confirm that these tumors are not all the same. Specific patterns in tumor cells supported the move away from the old umbrella term toward today’s classifications. From early theories to modern research, the story of bronchus adenoma shows how a label can start broad for safety and simplicity, then narrow as evidence grows. For many living with what used to be called bronchus adenoma, this history explains why older reports or family stories may use different names than the terms used in current care.